As some of the notions can be unclear, we clarify here some of the main concepts : [definitions to be added]

By combining biodiversity-capacity and biodiversity-footprint data from the National Ecological Footprint dataset, from the Ecological Footprint Initiative, Huang et al. created a biodiversity index for 35 countries, available from 1991 up to 2020. This data can be used to perform several kind of economical/financial analysis, for example when matched with firm level information.

A more specific description of the data than "Biodiversity index" would be "Risk index representing the risks tied to the degradation and the dependencies of nature-related services". Thus, it focuses mainly on the financial materiality of these ecosystemic services and does not address corporate impacts, nor the overall state of the biodiversity/ecosystems.

For additional information, please refer to the corresponding paper: Huang et al. (2024) “Biodiversity Risk, Firm Performance, and Market Mispricing”, SSRN 4765039.

Users are required to cite as follows: “Research work based on Huang et al. (2023), supported by the EquipEx Pladifes (ANR-21-ESRE-0036) and hosted at the Institut Louis Bachelier".

Country level biodiversity index by Huang et al. is licensed under CC BY 4.0

Scientific papers
- Huang et al. (2024) “Biodiversity Risk, Firm Performance, and Market Mispricing”, SSRN, 4765039.

- Cardinale et al. (2012). Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature, 486(7401), 59-67.

- Borucke et al. (2013). Accounting for demand and supply of the biosphere's regenerative capacity: The National Footprint Accounts’ underlying methodology and framework. Ecological indicators, 24, pp.518-533. doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.08.005

- Lin et al. (2018). Ecological footprint accounting for countries: updates and results of the national footprint accounts, 2012–2018. Resources, 7(3), p.58. doi:10.3390/resources7030058

- Svartzman et al. (2021). A'Silent Spring'for the Financial System? Exploring Biodiversity-Related Financial Risks in France


Reports
- NGFS (2024), “Nature-related Financial Risks: a Conceptual Framework to guide Action by Central Banks and Supervisors” and “Nature-related litigation: emerging trends and lessons learned from climate-related litigation”, NGFS.

- Dasgupta, P. (2021). The economics of biodiversity: The dasgupta review. United Kingdom, Her Majesty’s Treasury: London, UK


Datasets
- Dworatzek et al. (2024) National Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity Accounts , 2024 Edition (Version 1.0), Produced for Footprint Data Foundation by York University, Ecological Footprint Initiative in partnership with Global Footprint Network.